人妻91无码

California鈥檚 new minimum wage requirements are being hailed by supporters who say workers must earn a 鈥渓iving wage,鈥� but others fear the pay hikes will fuel layoffs, higher prices and more automation as businesses scramble to offset increased costs.

One thing is certain: No matter what side of the fence you鈥檙e on, there will be winners and losers. Here are a few of the biggest from both sides:

WINNERS: LOW-PAID WORKERS (WITH A CAVEAT):

Fast-food workers, cashiers, parking lot attendants, security guards and others who are earning the state鈥檚 current minimum wage of $10 an hour are all getting raises.

Come 2017, their pay will rise to $10.50 and hour. The following year it will jump to $11 an hour, and it will keep on rising until it hits $15 an hour in 2022. All told, that鈥檚 a 50 percent increase.

But this comes with a caveat.

Economist Christopher Thornberg, a founding partner with Beacon Economics in Los Angeles, said minimum-wage workers with little experience will actually be at risk when the tiered pay hikes begin kicking in.

鈥淭he real effect will be felt by low-income workers,鈥� he said. 鈥淓mployers will start hiring more seniors and get rid of entry-level people. They鈥檙e going to say, 鈥業f I have to pay more money, I want experienced people.鈥� They just won鈥檛 hire someone without experience.鈥�

Still, experts say low-paid workers who prove themselves and add value to a company could likely remain on board.

LOSERS: RESTAURANTS, APPAREL MANUFACTURERS AND OTHER RETAIL OPERATIONS

California鈥檚 biggest employers of minimum-wage workers will soon be facing increased costs. And those costs will have to be absorbed through higher prices, reduced employee hours, layoffs or automation. (Learn about Mexico's 48 hours work week and low-cost wages).

Bob Machuca, a senior regional manager with the Los Angeles County Economic Development Corp., said the apparel industry will definitely take a hit.

鈥淎 lot of small apparel shops that do manufacturing 鈥� the cut-and-sew companies that might employ five workers on the low side or about 20 on the high side 鈥� may cut back on hiring,鈥� he said. 鈥淭hey may also lay off some workers.鈥�

Economist Robert Kleinhenz, executive director of research for Beacon Economics, said some apparel businesses that employ minimum-wage employees will likely look to move out of state where worker costs aren鈥檛 as high. And that could damage the unique synergy of Southern California鈥檚 apparel industry.

鈥淥ne of the benefits of doing business here in Southern California is that you can have the design as well as the fabrication of garments going on close together,鈥� he said. 鈥淭hat allows companies to move fast and bring things to market more quickly.鈥�

Yossi Kviatkovsky, owner of The Rack, a Woodland Hills restaurant/sports bar that employs 46 workers, said restaurants will be forced to boost their prices when the minimum wage begins rising.

鈥淭his will have a devastating effect for restaurants and it will be reflected in the future prices of food,鈥� he said.

WINNERS: WORKERS EARNING JUST ABOVE THE CURRENT MINIMUM WAGE

Thousands of employees who currently earn slightly more than California鈥檚 minimum wage could also see a boost in pay. Workers who are now earning $11 or $12 an hour are likely to expect a pay raise when they see others below them getting pay increases.

And business owners will be obliged to give it to them.

鈥淭hey will expect to get increases as well, and justifiably so,鈥� said Paul Little, president and CEO of the Pasadena Chamber of Commerce. 鈥淭his goes beyond the minimum wage. If you are making $12 an hour now, you鈥檒l expect to make more than that. It鈥檚 called wage compression.鈥�

The Center for Labor Research and Education at UC Berkeley looked into how many minimum-wage workers would be bumped up and how many others would get raises, too, and came up with the following totals: 1.9 million in Los Angeles County, 605,000 in Orange County, 339,000 in Riverside County and 331,000 in San Bernardino County.

Statewide, an estimated 5.6 million workers who either make minimum wage or more will see their pay rise as a result of the new law.

LOSERS: JOB SEEKERS

A study published in July 2008 in the Journal of Labor Research additionally reveals that minimum-wage hikes have a negative impact on job seekers. According to the study, a 10 percent increase in the minimum wage is associated with a 1 percent decline in retail trade employment and usual weekly hours worked.

David Neumark, a UC Irvine professor, agreed that some job losses will occur.

鈥淚 think the research evidence is overwhelming that a higher minimum wage causes some job loss for low-skilled workers,鈥� he said via email. 鈥淚 can say that it is very hard to find evidence that a higher minimum wage reduces poverty or spending on social programs, so it鈥檚 hard to make an argument for clear gains for those with lower incomes.鈥�

Landlords also will benefit because the wage increases will enable more people to afford apartments, although a minimum-wage worker would likely have to be part of a two-income household in order to afford many apartments in Southern California.

SOURCE: Pasadena Star-News
By: Kevin Smith, San Gabriel Valley Tribune